Esc
← All Posts

Wikipedia奧蘭與瘟疫段

目前我認爲應該在 奧蘭與疫情 章節塞現實城市背景(中文Wiki能借用), 歷史發生過的疫情,小説中的城市形象與這些因素如何進入作品(這個待定)

我認爲應該避免在奧蘭與瘟疫這一小節解釋分析?目前還不確定,主要關注地理空間與疫情經驗或許不錯

奧蘭在現實中,這裏正好有參考文獻能拿來用,在草稿期間與代號代稱

https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/article/46/4/e675/7808368 [1] 這個來源不僅僅能證明奧蘭與疫情前半段,也能證明1849年的疫情被認爲是加繆創作鼠疫的來源,下面是原文

At least two historical sources for The Plague can be distinguished: the cholera epidemic that decimated Oran’s population in 1849, and the world wars that ravaged Europe and beyond in the first half of the 20th century.2 Although the concept of plague clearly has political significance for Camus (e.g. as a metaphor for Nazism), I will not consider this aspect here. Instead, I will remain close to the medical meaning of plague.

https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/plague-analysis-setting [2] 短小精煉

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11638326/ [3] 关于流行病,公共卫生与道德的七个见解,重複來源(與[2]相同)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851531 [4] 英文維基對具體瘟疫描述的來源

https://www.bn-afn.fr/Sites/SITE%20CULTURE%20ENCYCLOPEDIE%20D_AFN/BNAFN/encyclopedie-afn.org/Historique_Oran_-_Ville.html [5] 這段史料支持的是1849年的疫情是否存在

https://www.etudes-camusiennes.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Chroniques-29.pdf [6] 這個來源也是關於1849霍亂瘟疫對加繆的影響,描述了加繆更具體的行動

--- 正文(草稿)

現實中的奧蘭是位於地中海沿岸的阿爾及利亞港口城市,也是加繆熟悉的城市之一,在小説的開頭中,加繆對其進行了明顯的文學改造,將奧蘭描述爲一座充滿了平庸,醜陋與商業化的的城市.雖然奧蘭背靠海洋,但加繆刻意在疫情肆虐期間將城市與海洋互相隔絕,疫情的消退與港口的重新開放構成了小説的重要轉折2:section=Oran(加繆曾在1941與1942年居住於此),

在鼠疫創作前,奧蘭及其周邊地區曾於1556年與1678年暴發嚴重腺鼠疫;此後歷次疫情1921年:185例;1931年:76例;1944年:95例)的規模[4].其中1849年的霍亂疫情也被認爲是加繆創作鼠疫的歷史素材之一[1][5:section=Epidémie-de-choléra:octobre-et-novembre-1849] (這段是不是寫過,我好像有印象,有,但是在英文Wiki,是的,確實有,在英文Wiki裏,我有借用但最後被我刪了,沒有存在的必要性下見注釋1,正好這裏能用)


--- 正式正文

現實中的奧蘭是位於地中海沿岸的阿爾及利亞港口城市,也是加繆熟悉的城市之一,在小説的開頭中,加繆對其進行了明顯的文學改造,將奧蘭描述爲一座充滿了平庸,醜陋與商業化的的城市。小說中的奧蘭雖為地中海沿岸的港口城市,但城市本身被描寫為「背對海洋」;鼠疫暴發後,港口因檢疫措施而受到限制,使居民進一步與海洋及外部世界隔絕{{Cite web |title=The Plague: Analysis of Setting {{!}} History {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCO Research |url=https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/plague-analysis-setting |website=EBSCO |language=en |at=Oran |access-date=2026-08-30}}

在鼠疫創作前,奧蘭及其周邊地區曾於1556年與1678年暴發嚴重腺鼠疫;此後歷次疫情:(1921年:185例;1931年:76例;1944年:95例){{Cite journal |last=Bertherat |first=Eric |last2=Bekhoucha |first2=Souad |last3=Chougrani |first3=Saada |last4=Razik |first4=Fathia |last5=Duchemin |first5=Jean B. |last6=Houti |first6=Leila |last7=Deharib |first7=Larbi |last8=Fayolle |first8=Corinne |last9=Makrerougrass |first9=Banaouda |last10=Dali-Yahia |first10=Radia |last11=Bellal |first11=Ramdan |title=Plague reappearance in Algeria after 50 years, 2003 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2851531/ |journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases |date=2007-10 |volume=13 |issue=10 |doi=10.3201/eid1310.070284 |issn=1080-6059 |pmc=2851531 |pmid=18257987 |access-date=2026-08-30}}。有研究將這場疫情列爲《鼠疫》的歷史素材之一{{Cite journal |last=Kraaijeveld |first=Steven R |title=Seven insights from Albert Camus’s Plague about epidemics, public health and morality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdae267 |journal=Journal of Public Health |date=2024-12-01 |volume=46 |issue=4 |doi=10.1093/pubmed/fdae267 |issn=1741-3842 |access-date=2026-08-30}}{{Cite web |title=Historique Oran - Ville — Encyclopédie-de-L’AFN_1830-1962 |url=https://www.bn-afn.fr/Sites/SITE%20CULTURE%20ENCYCLOPEDIE%20D_AFN/BNAFN/encyclopedie-afn.org/Historique_Oran_-_Ville.html |website=www.bn-afn.fr |language=fr ||at=sec. Epidémie de choléra: octobre et novembre 1849 }}


Almost all Camus’s writing accentuates the presence of the sea [2:section=Oran(加繆曾在1941與1942年居住於此)] 這段話可以用於加繆的個人Wiki頁面

Having felt an increasing sense of consternation and disbelief at the retreat of the plague, and refusing to return to a life without it, Cottard has gone mad.[2:section=TheSeventhInsight] 這一段支持原文的劇情闡釋,重要性不高

注釋1:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Plague_(novel): According to an academic study, Oran was decimated by the bubonic plague in 1556 and 1678, but all later outbreaks (in 1921: 185 cases; 1931: 76 cases; and 1944: 95 cases) were very far from the scale of the epidemic described in the novel.[3]

据一项学术研究,奥兰曾于1556年与1678年暴发严重腺鼠疫;此后历次疫情(1921年:185例;1931年:76例;1944年:95例)的规模,均远不及小说中所描写的疫情。[3]